virus: FW: News Coverage as a Weapon
« on: 2004-05-17 20:12:13 »
Some of you might find this interesting. Try to set aside this writers ideological slant and enjoy his insightful analysis of modern "home front" fighting.=20 =20 Regards =20 Jonathan
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From: wretchard=20 Posted At: 17 May 2004 22:57 Posted To: Belmont Club Conversation: News Coverage as a Weapon Historian John Terrain... Subject: News Coverage as a Weapon Historian John Terrain...
Historian John Terraine <http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0283988282/002-1410050-94 12043?v=3Dglance> notes that unit casualty rates during the Civil War were close to those experienced by the British Army on the Somme. The 1/Newfoundland Regiment lost 84 % of its men on that fatal July 1, 1916. But the 1st Texas Regiment lost 82.3% in Antietam and the 1st Minnesota lost 82% at Gettysburg. Nor were these exceptional. "In the course of the Civil War 115 regiments (63 Union and 52 Confederate) sustained losses of more than 50 percent in a single engagement". Losses during World War 2 were just as brutal. Although the average loss <http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/bombercommand/summer1942.aspx > per individual mission was often under 5% for the pilots who flew in the British Bomber Command, the fact that they flew 30 missions per tour meant a crew had less than a 1 in 4 chance of completing it. Once you signed on, there was a 75% statistical chance you wouldn't survive. Nor were these estimates far from the truth. Almost sixty percent <http://www.lancastermuseum.ca/commandlosses.html> of Bomber Command, a total of 55,000 men, were killed. They had an easy time compared to German U-boat crewmen <http://www.submarine-history.com/NOVAfour.htm> , who lost 630 men out of every thousand. Nations required a huge pool of manpower and high birthrates to sustain losses on this scale. Russia alone <http://ww2bodycount.netfirms.com/> suffered twenty million deaths during World War 2. Even Yugoslavia, a country whose role in the conflict is hardly remembered as central, lost 1.6 million killed. Defeat in that conflict came to those whose armies were driven from the field, whose cities were reduced to rubble and whose manpower resources could no longer continue the struggle.
Viewed in this context, the American "defeat" in Iraq projected by the press must be understood as being something wholly different from anything that has gone before. The 800 odd US military deaths suffered since the start of Operation Iraqi Freedom a year ago are less than the number who died in the Slapton Sands D-Day training exercise in 1944. The campaign in Iraq has hardly scratched American strength, which has in fact grown more potent in operational terms over the intervening period. Nor has it materially affected the US manpower pool or slowed the American economy, which is actually growing several times faster than France, which is not militarily engaged. The defeat being advertised by the press is a wholly new phenomenon: one which leaves the vanquished army untouched and the victor devastated; the economy of the vanquished burgeoning and that of the victor in destitution; the territory of the loser unoccupied and that of the winner garrisoned. It is an inversion of all the traditional metrics of victory and defeat. That the assertion is not instantly ludicrous is an indication of the arrival of a new and potentially revolutionary form of political wafare.
It was during the Vietnam War that the Left first discovered the potential war-winning ability of media coverage. The concept itself is merely an extension of the blitzkrieg notion that the enemy command structure, not his troop masses, are the true center of gravity on the battlefield. During the campaign of 1940, Heinz Guderian's panzers bypassed many French formations, leaving them unfought, knowing that if their command structure were severed, the whole musclebound mass would fall to the ground headless. What the Left gradually discovered during the course of the Vietnam war was that Guderian had not been bold enough. Guderian still felt it necessary to win on the battlefield. He had not realized that it was possible to ignore the battlefield altogether because it was the enemy political structure, not his military capability, that was the true center of gravity of an entire campaign. It was General Giap during the Vietnam War who first planned a military operation entirely around its possible media effect. The Tet offensive was a last desperate attempt to gain the upper hand in a war he was losing <http://www.vietnam-war.info/battles/tet_offensive.php> .
The Communist forces had taken a series of military defeats. the US/ARVN forces had pacified much of the south by the end of 1967 (222 out of 242 provinces). Operation Junction City (February-March 1967) and other sweeps had seriously disrupted NLF activity in the south and forced the COSVN into Cambodia.=20
At a July 1967 meeting the Communist Party leadership recognized their failures and decided to re-orientate their operations to target two key political weaknesses. Firstly, the deep gulf between the US public and the US government over support for the war and its actual progress. Secondly, the tensions existing between the US military and their Vietnamese allies.=20
The leadership decided to concentrate on a few high profile operations, that would take place in the public (and the US media) eye rather than fighting the conflict away from major urban centres. This would bolster Northern moral, possibly inspire uprisings in the South and provide the impression, and hopefully the reality, that the US/ARVN were not winning the war and it was likely to be a long time before they did. The new policy also marked a victory for the 'hawks' over the 'doves' in the Communist Party leadership, in late 1967 around 200 senior officials were purged.=20
Although Giap failed in every military respect, he succeeded in providing the press with the raw material necessary to alter the dynamics of American domestic politics. While he could not alter reality, the Giap could alter the perception of reality enough to give anti-war politicians a winning hand which they played it to the hilt.
The NLF and the NVA lost around 35,000 men killed, 60,000 wounded and 6,000 POWs for no military success. The US and ARVN dead totalled around 3,900 (1,100 US). But this was not the conflict as the US public saw it. Without there being an active conspiracy the US media reports were extremely damaging and shocked the American public and politicians. Apparently the depth of the US reaction even surprised the North Vietnamese leadership, as well as delighting them.=20
The emergence of the press and media as decisive implements of warfare arose from changes in the nature of late twentieth century war itself. If battlefield reality was paramount in earlier wars it was because literally everyone was there. During the Civil War 15 percent of the total white population took the field, a staggering 75% of military age white males. During the Great War the major combatants put even higher proportions of their men on the line. Even after World War 2 it was still natural for children to ask, 'Daddy what did you do in the War?' and expect an answer. Reality affected everybody. But beginning with the Vietnam War and continuing into the current Iraqi campaign, the numbers of those actually engaged on the battlefield as a proportion of the population became increasingly small. Just how small is illustrated by comparing a major battle in the Civil War, Gettysburg, which inflicted over 50,000 casualties on a nation of 31.5 million to a "major" battle in Iraq, Fallujah, in which 10 Marines died in the fighting itself, on a population of 300 million. A war in which the watchers vastly outnumbered the fighters was bound to be different from when the reverse was true. A reality experienced by the few could be overridden by a fantasy sold to the many. This exchange of proportions ensured that the political and media dimensions of the late twentieth century American wars dwarfed their military aspects.
But whereas General Giap was forced to rely on the Western media to carry his message home, modern day Jihadis have decided to create their own media outlets like Al Jazeera to shape public opinion. Moreover, they have extended proven methods of intimidating the Western media, described by CNN's Eason Jordan in his article in the New York Times <http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/11/opinion/11JORD.html> to a standard operation of war <http://www.belmontclub.blogspot.com/2004_04_01_belmontclub_archive.html #108172305524979009> . This set up a clash between two forces, one enjoying a preponderance in every area of military capability and skill but failing to recognize news coverage as a strategic weapon; and another whose military strategy was literally made for television.=20
The US discovered how expensive it was to be wholly outmatched in this key combat system. Just how expensive was underscored by the media coverage of the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse incident in which newspapers in the United States <http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,1216964,00.html> and Britain <http://www.nypost.com/news/worldnews/20983.htm> published fake abuse photographs on top of the genuine ones without a rapid rebuttal. This blindness sprang not only from the tradition of keeping the military apart from civilian activities, but also from a reluctance to venture into areas protected by the First Amendment. It was nearly a year after OIF before the US began halting steps to redress the balance by establishing the Arabic Al Hurrah media outlet and creating a series of local television stations under the Spirit of America <http://www.spiritofamerica.net/> initiative.=20
Yet the extension of warfare into the area of media coverage is fraught with great danger, in no small part because it subtly alters the definition of where the battlefield lies and who an enemy combatant is. One of the enduring strengths of Western democracy and of the US Constitution in particular is the delineation between legitimate dissent and enemy activity, a boundary which enables a democracy to continue functioning, albeit in an impaired state, even in wartime. But the changing balance between the political and military aspects of war means that this line will begin to blur as military activities cross over into the political. Already, the Pentagon is beginning to offer direct news <http://www.wtnh.com/Global/story.asp?S=3D1675781> from Iraq. It has = also reorganized <http://www.defenselink.mil/news/May2004/n05142004_200405146.html> its command structure in Iraq to explicitly recognize the role of political warfare.
WASHINGTON, May 14, 2004 - Two new military commands will stand up in Iraq May 15, replacing the current coalition military organization.=20
Multinational Corps Iraq and Multinational Force Iraq will replace Combined Joint Task Force 7.=20
Coalition military spokesman Army Brig. Gen. Mark Kimmitt, at a Baghdad news conference today, said the change addresses a concern that a combined joint task force headquarters was not sufficient to handle the military workload in Iraq efficiently.=20
"It's certainly more than a formality," he said. "It is trying to get the proper command structure for the days, weeks and months ahead."=20
Kimmitt explained that Multinational Corps Iraq will focus on the tactical fight -- the day-to-day military operations and the maneuvering of the six multinational divisions on the ground. Army Lt. Gen. Thomas F. Metz will command the corps. Meanwhile, Multinational Force Iraq will focus on more strategic aspects of the military presence in Iraq, such as talking with sheiks and political leaders, and on training, equipping and fielding Iraqi security forces.=20
The Left's very success at using the media as an arm in hyper-blitzkrieg inevitably invited, indeed necessitated, a riposte, with far reaching and probably regettable effects. One day Al Jazeera may be remembered in the same manner as the Dreadnought: the first in a series of ugly fusions between newly available technology and age-old malevolence; the vanguard in a flotilla of lies.
There are times when, no matter what else may be in the news, one can only write about one story. This week, it's the murder of Nicholas Berg, the young American businessman kidnapped in Iraq and decapitated by his Al Qaeda captors, a video of his final moments put up on the Internet by his killers as a trophy. Or maybe it's the wrong story to write about, because when confronted with such horror, words fail.
Stories of Western hostages in Iraq have a personal dimension for me. A friend of mine, a special education teacher, is currently in Iraq helping to set up the country's first-ever educational program for children with mental disabilities. She is in the Kurdish part of Northern Iraq, where things are supposed to be reasonably safe; but who knows how safe that is? About 12 hours after the news of Nicholas Berg's murder, I chatted with my friend online. Neither of us mentioned the murder. I wasn't sure whether she knew about it. I wasn't sure I wanted to find out.
What, then, is there to say? There is the obvious point—the first thing that came to my mind, and no doubt to many others', once the initial shock had worn off—that the terrorists are not only evil but stupid. The day before Al Qaeda's new snuff film hit the airwaves, the world's attention was on the Abu Ghraib prison abuse scandals. The images on everyone's mind were those of US soldiers sadistically mistreating Iraqi detainees. The Americans were looking like the bad guys. At home, staunch supporters of the war in Iraq were wavering.
And then, as Howard Kurtz memorably put it in The Washington Post, "the murderers changed the subject."
One easy—too easy—response to the murder of Nicholas Berg is to say that there's been too much hand-wringing over the prison abuse scandal: At least no one in Abu Ghraib had his head slowly hacked off with a machete and held up before a camera. And besides, some are saying, Look what we're up against: When we're fighting the kind of animals who would do that, we can't be too squeamish about the means.
Such a reaction is an understandable first response born of shock and rage. But it should not be a guide to policy.
The people who murdered Berg are monsters (just like the people who murdered Daniel Pearl two years ago). But they are not the same people who were being brutalized in Abu Ghraib. Some of those prisoners may have been terrorists; some may have been small-time troublemakers; some may have been innocent of any wrongdoing and jailed by mistake. To equate them all with the Al Qaeda butchers makes no more sense than to equate all Americans in Iraq with the Abu Ghraib abusers.
And yes, it's quite true that the humiliation, mistreatment, and in some cases outright torture of prisoners in Abu Ghraib did not sink to the level of hacking off heads. That's a reason to pat ourselves on the back? If you find out that a close relative of yours is a rapist, the fact that he's not Jack the Ripper is not exactly cause to feel much better.
There's another angle to this story: the issue of media coverage. Some prowar commentators such as the New Republic's Andrew Sullivan argue that the media that publicized the Abu Ghraib abuse photos are guilty of a double standard if they don't give equal exposure to stills from the Nicholas Berg murder video. Again, the impulse is understandable. But do we want to push the envelope further and further by airing more extreme images of violence? So far, the worst of the abuse photos are not being released either.
Others, such as National Review's Jonah Goldberg, are saying that the prison abuse photos should have been suppressed because airing them inflamed passions in the Muslim world and probably got Berg killed. But even if the link between Berg's murder and the Abu Ghraib scandal is real, it does not follow that nixing the photos would have saved lives. In the modern world, images cannot be suppressed for very long. If the American media had run the abuse story but refused to carry the pictures, how long would it be before those photos found their way to Al Jazeera—or Al Qaeda? Moreover, such a scenario would take away one claim Americans can proudly make right now: that we are open about our mistakes.
Cathy Young is a Reason contributing editor. This column appeared in the Boston Globe on May 17, 2004.
As a psychiatrist, I have developed a knack for sniffing out paranoia in others. Lately, however, the psychosis seems to be emanating from me. While politics and personal mental illness do make strange bedfellows, election season events prove that there are no limitations to the nature and course of the human condition. I confess my paranoid concerns, so that I might rid myself of these demons. There are five specific points of political paranoia that keep me up at night.
1) People are coming to kill me: What a tough delusion to resist! I have spent years listening to individuals tortured by such distressing thoughts. But now I have them. The accumulation of events like the first World Trade Center bombing, 9/11, the slaughter of Daniel Pearl, the beheading of Nick Berg, the mutilation of innocents in Iraq and a bunch of bombings in Europe, Africa and the Middle East as well as assorted videotaped threats are making it worse. The governments color coded warning system almost has me convinced that I am right. But, aside from the efforts of a few resolute world leaders, there seems so be no universally accepted cure for my delusions.
2) The economy is strengthening: What a lie! I have it on good authority that the economy is tanking and bread lines are forming. This is bad for the war effort. I rely on the comments of recent college graduates for my information -- many have noted a weak economy and poor job market. John Kerry and his friends also opine that the economy is in irreparable ruins. Sure, there are those noting that after a recession, 9/11 and two wars, a recovering economy is miraculous -- but they are misinformed. Media reports have me convinced that job growth surge, a recovering stock market, lower unemployment and low inflation are lies from an administration bent on power. I am heading for a bread line.
3) Weapons of mass destruction have been found in Iraq: What a conspiracy! We have not located any poisons, bombs or biological weapons. Do not be deceived by anyone who tells you that Saddam was a weapon of destruction. Do not fall for the line that the terrorists currently butchering innocents in Iraq, mutilating Americans and executing Jews constitute weapons of mass destruction. I mean, how many people can a couple dozen handfuls of Islamic fascist suicide bombers take out -- 2, 5, 10, 200, 3000?
4) Iran will soon develop a nuclear weapon: I have a delusion that when Fascist Iran finishes its bomb, it will be used to threaten our fronts on the terror war-Iraq, Israel and Afghanistan. But if the United Nations assures us that everything is okay, I guess they should be believed. After all, the U.N. has supported global democracy, equality and fairness. Do not let anyone remind you of its inaction in Rwanda, the lopsided votes on Israel and rabid anti-Semitism, condemnation of Israel's destruction of Iraq's nuclear facility in 1982, accusations of profane financial impropriety, the fascist composition of member states, America hating and a former Nazi secretary general. I suppose the world will condemn Israel when it eventually takes out Iran's facility. Reality aside, this well-intentioned major oil exporting nation probably wants to generate peaceful nuclear energy to give its oil workers some rest and relaxation.
5) The world is not a safer place and it is not George Bush's fault: Nonsense! I am convinced that the world's fragility is entirely the president's fault-even before he was president. He knew about the attack on the Marine barracks in Lebanon, the Khobar Towers, the first World Trade Center attack and the African Embassy bombings -- it was in all the papers! Yet as the owner of a baseball team and as Governor, he chose to do nothing. I know it sounds crazy but I am certain that George Bush was in this country back in the 1980's when Islamic terrorists began their 30 year plan to take over the world. Call me paranoid.
That there is a metaphoric psychosis sweeping this nation, however, cannot be disputed. Predicated on misguided hatred, logic and common sense have been replaced by the self-destructive emotions-driven misperception so commonly found in the reality impaired. It is time to give much maligned reality a try. These past 20+ years of terror cannot be reduced to the equivalent of a passive psychotherapy session with its time consuming resistance, uncertainties and equivocations. In our geopolitical world, there is a firm distinction between good and bad, right and wrong. Our killers have nothing but pity for our perceived weakness and division....or do they? This truly is the season of perpetual paranoia.
Marcus J. Goldman, MD, is a psychiatrist and author of "The Joy of Fatherhood."
In World War II, a passer-by, lost in London's main official thoroughfare of Whitehall, stopped a military officer and asked him which side the Defense Department was on. The officer thought for a moment and then said: "Well, it's hard to be sure, but our side, I hope."
In the last week the coverage of Iraq by the U.S. media has exhibited at least four separate failings:
1. Selective Agonizing. Ever since the Abu Ghraib photographs emerged, the media has shown them on every possible occasion, accompanied by reports and editorials on America's shame and the world's revulsion. That is fine by me. The photographs are shocking evidence of shocking behavior — Jerry Springer meets Saddam Hussein — and we should be ashamed they occurred under American auspices But they are not the only story in the world.
Objectively considered, the U.N.'s "Oil-for-Food" scandal is a far bigger story, implicating not one international statesman but about two dozen, and involving not the abuse of suspected terrorists but the starvation of children. Interestingly, the media has been happy to forget it entirely in all their excitement over Abu Ghraib.
Then again, worse rape and brutality than those displayed in Abu Ghraib are known to occur daily in America's prisons without arousing any media interest at all. Indeed, the newspapers sometimes join D.A.'s in calling for crooked CEO's to be sentenced to ten year's hard sodomy. Maybe these jocular remarks about homosexual rape were among the influences that led the Abu Ghraib guards to abuse their victims. Big mistake. This gloating sadism is only a joke when suspected Republicans are the likely victims.
And the photographs of prisoner abuse are not remotely as shocking as the pictures of Nicholas Berg being beheaded by Islamist terrorists. You might imagine that the beheading of an innocent American would be replayed endlessly on the networks and the front pages. But the media suddenly discovered taste. The Berg murder was briskly reported and then confined to the memory hole. And the media hunt for Rumsfeld — that Berg's beheading had briefly interrupted — resumed in full cry.
As a Spanish writer commented this week: "Tears are shed only from the left eye."
2. Taking Dictation from Terror. Before we leave Berg, we should note that a vast number of news outlets reported as a fact that he was murdered "in retaliation for" the Abu Ghraib abuses. That was the terrorists' own justification, of course: They shrewdly judged that the American and Western media would eagerly publish the headlines they had dictated. And they were right. For the "retaliation" explanation transfers the blame for Berg's death from the actual murderers onto George W. Bush and the U.S. As the sharp-eyed Australian blogger, Tim Blair, pointed out, however, the terrorists abducted Berg about two weeks before the Abu Ghraib scandal surfaced. Was that abduction in retaliation for something else? Or were they simply gifted with astonishing foresight? Incidentally, the media's behavior in this case — in addition to being bone-headedly biased — is a rare genuine example of "blaming the victim." But not a single editor seems to have been restrained by the fact.
3. Willing Gullibility. Two newspapers — the Daily Mirror in Britain and the Boston Globe in the U.S. — have published fake photographs of British and American soldiers abusing prisoners. In the British case the fakes were quickly detected once they had been published, and in the American case, they had been detected before the Globe published them. Neither the media's vaunted "skepticism" nor simple fact-checking on the internet were employed in either case by the papers. The fakes were, in the old Fleet Street joke, "too good to check." There was a rush to misjudgment. As Mark Steyn argued in the Chicago Sun-Times on Sunday, the journalists wanted to believe that they were real because they hunger to discredit the Anglo-American intervention in Iraq.
Indeed, they still want to believe that the fakes were real — the disgraced Mirror editor claimed to have told the truth on the day the fraud was conclusively established. And since he was fired, he has become a heroic figure in British journalistic circles hostile to Blair and the war. He may be a liar, they feel, but he's our liar. Or as they would probably put it, the "truth about Iraq" is more important than the facts. You know, at a deeper level.
4. Galloping Inferentialism. The media's main interest in the Abu Ghraib scandal over the last week — what postmodernists call its principal "narrative" — has been its pursuit of Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld as an accessory to torture before the fact. Some reports have been, in effect, prosecution briefs for the theory that he either knew about or (better still) actually authorized the abuse of Iraqi prisoners by American guards. And since the evidence for this theory is scanty, to say the least, reporters employ the highly dubious technique of building inference upon inference to make the case.
Take, as an example, the widely republished Washington Post report asking "Was Abuse Ordered?" This begins with the case of a Syrian jihadist who was subjected to intense pressures to instill fear into him so that he would give up intelligence data for the fight against the Iraqi insurgents. It then speculates that because a military intelligence officer was involved in this interrogation, this "suggests a wider circle of involvement in aggressive and potentially abusive" techniques by senior officers. It goes on to argue that the Abu Ghraib "abuses could have been an outgrowth of harsh treatment" techniques authorized by the Pentagon. And it finally postulates that "although no direct links have been found between the documented abuses and orders from Washington, Pentagon officials...say that the hunt for [intelligence] data...was coordinated during this period by Undersecretary of Defense Stephen Cambone...long one of the closest aides to Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. The coincidence in timing...."
Let us review the evidence in this trial by inference. It "suggests" that "potentially" abusive techniques were used that "could have been an outgrowth" of methods that cannot be "directly linked" to Rumsfeld unless the "coincidence" that his aide was in charge of collecting intelligence at the time is the smoking gun.
In opposition to this towering inferno of inferences, there is an actual fact: the statement of one of the abuser guards that the higher-ups would have stopped the abuses if they had known of them. And as the old maxim goes, an ounce of fact is worth a ton of inferences.
5. Hunting the Snark (or Criminalizing Antiterrorism.) What makes this journalistic pursuit of Rumsfeld all the more suspect is that even if all these inferences were borne out by later evidence, they would not convict the Defense secretary of any known crime or misdemeanor. He would have authorized harsh techniques, not in themselves abusive but only potentially so, that others wrongly took to be permission to humiliate and abuse prisoners under their control. There is no crime in that — nor even any major error. Senior Pentagon officials knew that the harsh interrogation techniques they did authorize — for instance, hooding prisoners, interrupting their sleep over several days, and exposing them to cold temperatures — were open to abuse. That is why they stipulated very precisely what the techniques should be — not allowing any physical brutality or sexual humiliation. Why they limited the use of such techniques to those few cases where crucial intelligence was likely to be gained. And why they insisted on the prior permission of the senior U.S. general in Iraq for their use.
Of course, most editors and reporters probably take the view that inflicting even this limited and supervised stress to frighten suspects is impermissible. A Washington Post editorial, for instance, argued that no intelligence gain could possibly compensate for the national embarrassment of having a U.S. secretary of State publicly defend such techniques before the international community.
That is certainly arguable. And in general governments should not carry out acts they are unprepared to defend in public. But is it wholly and always persuasive? Suppose, for instance, that inflicting psychological stress and instilling fear into a terrorist suspect seemed likely to help prevent the beheading of another innocent American like Nick Berg? Or to avert another catastrophe such as September 11? Or even to halt a nuclear attack on an American city? Would we not feel that in such cases the end of saving lives justified the means of inflicting psychological stress?
These are serious moral questions — and serious practical questions when the U.S. is waging a war on terror. They cannot be wished away by pious references to the Geneva Convention. And the media's attempt to transform serious consideration of these painful dilemmas into a gung-ho criminal prosecution of Rumsfeld is both a partisan disgrace and a shameful evasion of difficult realities.
Let us finally examine the tally sheet. Selective agonizing, taking dictation from terror, willing gullibility, galloping inferentialism, and criminalizing anti-terrorism — not a short list of media failings for a single week. And when all the mistakes are on the side of opposing the liberation of Iraq, and none of the mistakes favor the U.S. or Britain or Bush or Blair, it tells you something. Namely, which side they're on. Or "tears are shed only from the left eye."
With news that still more pictures of alleged abuse are emerging from Iraq the dilemma I found myself in the other day, and shared with you, clearly has been resolved as hinted at previously [see "Being a Newsman vs. Being an Ordinary Citizen"]. I've waited a few days to follow up on my earlier missive because, frankly, I've been poring over hundreds of reader responses containing advice, musings and critical viewpoints about the general press. All I can say is thanks for taking the time to share your thoughts - thoughts that almost unanimously favored having the press publish, broadcast and air all the images of alleged abuse by Americans that can be confirmed as authentic. Preferably for a reason and in context.
That said, the nearly unanimous verdict was that the press also needs to provide context for such images by explaining, showing and analyzing abuse committed by others - whether in the Middle East or anywhere. Failure to provide such a running context, the vast majority of those who responded said, would amount to publishing propaganda and slanting the news to suit the hidden agendas of newsmen and the media outlets they serve.
An overwhelming number of those who shared their thoughts with me - and thus indirectly with you - also felt very strongly that for the press to withhold or otherwise censor the bad news would amount to an assault on the foundation of our freedoms. It was as strong a statement about the role of a free press as ever I've seen. The impulse to just destroy these images was strong among most of you, but patriotic and thoroughly American idealism overcame that impulse - on the ground that to be free requires the press to present all the facts it can find so that Americans can decide for themselves what is true, what is false, and what should be done.
Indeed, the very fact that the American press and its brothers and sisters in other parts of the world focused 24/7 on the Iraqi abuse allegations appears to have strengthened not only our own resolve to see justice done but has shown the rest of the world how and why we in America expose wrongdoing and punish wrongdoers - with everything being done in public and without censorship.
Nonetheless the positive effect this exercise in free speech and a free press has had on overseas media has been all but ignored by the press here. For example, we're told by people on the ground in the Middle East -among the press, the military and ordinary civilians - that Arab and Muslim news outlets have been shocked not only by the images of the alleged abuses but by the fact that it's not been covered up by the American government and the American press. Equally astonishing in the region has been the authentic outrage expressed by Americans, from President George W. Bush on down, coupled with heartfelt apologies and quick action to investigate and punish wrongdoers.
It's been hard on Americans and on America's image of itself to be under such a barrage of negative reports, angry speeches and hateful commentary. But we have shown by our response that our national values are just what we have always said they are. One result is that Arab and Muslim newsmen, commentators, and your average Ahmed and Ali now are asking why an American president can apologize for the actions of a criminal few at an Iraqi war prison, and quickly clean up the mess, but no leader of any of the Middle Eastern countries that have for years run prisons filled with torture and maimings and sexual abuse has stepped forward to follow the American example.
Why indeed! This rhetorical question should have anchored the argument America's leaders made for overthrowing the sadistic regime of Saddam Hussein and his henchmen.
Given all that we now know about Saddam's torture chambers and mass murders, where is the condemnation of his widespread human-rights abuses from Muslim leaders and the emirs and kings and potentates of the region? Why did they stand silently by while the Hussein regime tortured, killed and terrorized the Iraqi people? Where are the apologies for the tens of thousands who were slaughtered, the hundreds of thousands who were imprisoned, the millions who were made to live in daily fear for their lives?
While the debate may rage for years to come about the reasons we had to overthrow the tyrant Saddam, there can be no doubt that Iraq will be better off without the butcher of Baghdad. And while there is anger against us in the region for having taken matters into our own hands, fueled hotter by the prisoner-abuse stories, the Iraqi people and all Arabs, Muslims and those living in the region under repressive regimes have learned a lesson at the expense of our recent embarrassment. Specifically, it is that U.S. government is responsible to the high values of the American people themselves who expect everything to be open and aboveboard - whether the truth is good, bad or ugly. We don't censor the press -- we act quickly to deal with wrongdoing among our own, we share information as it's developed, and we regret and apologize for our mistakes. That's what this democratic republic of ours is all about. To make it work we have to keep all the lights on and report every detail so that the people can make up their own minds about what their government is doing.
Were it not for our free press, I think, this delicate thing called freedom would not long exist. The press is seldom liked. It is liked even less when it delivers bad news. And still less when it spins the news or ignores the context of a story. At least with so many voices in the press and reporting worldwide on the Internet, those who want the rest of a story can find it -- somewhere. As a newsman I'm committed to deliver the news honestly and strive for balance on whatever story I pursue and report. That's my commitment to you. And while I may not want to see any more images of abuse, I'll leave to you the decision of what part of a story you favor with your attention. I'll just keep doing my job to deliver the news as I find it -- warts and all. Even feel-good stories as they are available.
Thank you for sharing your many hundreds of thoughts about these matters. You reminded me once again how important it is to find and report the truth - plain or fancy, unvarnished or in an elegant coat - but always delivered as straight and fair and honest as the human condition allows.
Paul M. Rodriguez is the managing editor of Insight.
"Four hostile newspapers," Napoleon Bonaparte once said to his generals, "are more to be feared than a thousand bayonets."
Today, the Internet is recasting that famous strategic dictum, still taught to promising military leaders at war colleges in the United States.
During the last two weeks, Internet sites around the world have distributed fabricated photos purporting to show American and British troops abusing prisoners in Iraq. Though quickly discredited by experts, these images of propaganda helped paralyze the Pentagon, created a controversy in England's Parliament and, to varying degrees, produced outrage across the public spectrum in many nations, and dismay and embarrassment among U.S. service personnel.
"The images play against our view of what it means to be an American," said Peter Bardazzi, a filmmaker and director of new media development at New York University. "There's an expectation with the American public that American soldiers are superheroes and that they have a morality," he told United Press International. "But the soldiers lose value as superheroes with the images that have come out lately -- this is a war of images."
Images that were proved false debuted on the Internet, some apparently originating on pornographic sites, and were picked up by leading news organizations, entering mainstream cultures all over the world.
The Daily Mirror, a tabloid newspaper in London, published photos purporting to show British troops urinating on prisoners. The Boston Globe -- a Pulitzer Prize-winning newspaper -- last week published a photo supposedly of American troops raping an Iraqi woman.
U.S. television networks also produced stories, based on an Internet-distributed video, of Nicholas Berg, an American citizen, being beheaded by Islamic terrorists.
"These images all contain bodies that are dehumanized," said Bardazzi, a former special-effects producer at Industrial Light and Magic, the company owned by moviemaker George Lucas. "There is mutilation and sexual humiliation -- the body has become the new landscape for terror."
Though TV reporters in the Middle East speculated that Berg already was dead when he was beheaded, U.S. reporters generally presented the story without questioning its visual veracity, Bardazzi observed.
"There's no question that without the ability to distribute over the Internet, that beheading image would never have been created," he said. "When people are left alone with new technology, they tend to do things they otherwise wouldn't do."
Bardazzi noted that the pose adopted by the terrorists in the Berg murder video was intended to be cinematic and was "straight out of Lawrence of Arabia. It's meant to portray the terrorists as warriors."
In London, Piers Morgan, editor of the Daily Mirror, resigned under pressure for running the photos portraying British troops relieving themselves on Iraqi prisoners, after the House of Commons questioned the veracity of the images.
The paper ran a banner headline, "Sorry ... We Were Hoaxed," over its apology for the incident on May 15.
Meanwhile, in Boston, the controversy over the Globe's faked images generated less dramatic results. The paper apologized for the error, and Christine Chinlund, the ombudsman, published a column explaining how the incident occurred. But to date no editor has resigned over the matter.
The controversy began last week when Charles Turner, a local politician and city councilman, held a news conference and showed what he said were pictures of American troops raping an Iraqi woman. The paper then published one of the lewd, Internet-generated images, along with a story.
During Turner's news conference, it emerged that the source of the photos was an individual at the Nation of Islam, run by Louis Farrakhan, a vocal opponent of the war in Iraq.
"It is an understatement to say that the paper erred," Chinlund told UPI. "There's no excuse for what happened."
The Nation of Islam's public-relations office in Chicago, affiliated with its newspaper, The Final Call, would not respond to questions faxed by UPI to a woman who identified herself as Dora Muhammad and requested that the queries be sent in writing.
"It has been alleged that the images are from a porn site in Europe," Chinlund said. "That may well be right, but I couldn't find them on the Web."
A leading free-speech attorney said the legal situation surrounding publication of images obtained from the Internet -- including those that are misleading -- remains unsettled.
"The law has yet to develop to cover situations of the digital age, like New York Times vs. Sullivan, the famous case in the early 1960s, which said that it was okay to make mistakes when covering a public official, as long as they were not malicious," said Gary Bostwick, a partner in Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP, a Los Angeles law firm. "There hasn't been enough experience with the law to work this out," he told UPI.
The Globe probably covered itself legally by stating, in the story that accompanied the photo, that the images were not verified.
Though there may be no legal damage due to the publication of the faked images, there may be lasting psychological harm for some, said psychologist Tina Tessina. "Lying is dysfunctional and the Internet is a source of a lot of lies now," said Tessina, author of It Ends With You: Grow Up and Out of Dysfunction. "I'm getting a lot of patients in here who have anxiety because of these urban legends that they see online. People are anxious."
There probably are no technological solutions to the problem of faked images being distributed over the Internet, an Internet security expert said. "If you are going to refer to or quote propagandists with a political agenda, you cannot rely on the old dictum that seeing is believing," said Larry Clinton, chief operating officer of the Internet Security Alliance, a project of Carnegie Mellon University and the Electronic Industries Alliance. "Journalists need to ask hard questions about these images -- before they publish them."
Bardazzi said photo editors and TV producers need to eye images from the Internet very carefully. They should check out the lighting, the range of reflected light and the color spectrum of every controversial image. "It's easy to fool someone who is not an expert and get shock value," he said.
The propagandists behind the recent fake images are students of American culture, Bardazzi explained. They understand American values and ideology, even though their productions are somewhat amateurish. Still, they are portraying U.S. troops as if they were like Col. Kurtz, the character played by Marlon Brando in Francis Ford Coppola's film Apocalypse Now. U.S. troops are being portrayed as renegade warriors who are "operating outside of the ideology of America," he said.
Bardazzi said the propagandists also are playing off the "corporate" stance the Pentagon has adopted since the war in Iraq. The government exercised heavy control over images from that war, offering such scenes as the green-screen views of precision bombs dropping on buildings that were broadcast repeatedly on CNN and other TV outlets.
Using the embedded reporters in the Iraq war, the Pentagon attempted to control the imagery again and sanitize the perception of the war. "What's been missing is the pathos, the passion of the soldier in combat," Bardazzi said. "Now we're getting mutations of that, which are completely staged, over the Internet."
Gene Koprowski covers telecommunications media for UPI, a sister news organization of Insight.
European, Middle Eastern and U.N. double standards are appalling. U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan says that our action against the insurgents in Iraq "is feeding the ranks of the resistance." Apparently he thinks we should not return their gunfire because the more they shoot us the more quickly we triumph. Or, perhaps, the faster we die the faster we win. He further argues that "violent military action by an occupying power against inhabitants of an occupied country will only make matters worse."
Regardless of your position on the war, certain absolutes in life must be accepted: The ground is below you, the sky is above, water is wet, lawyers suck year 'round, and you never make an attack worse by defending yourself. There is also a disparity between occupation to secure freedom and an occupation to prevent self-rule.
On a similar tangent, speaking on ABC's This Week, U.N. envoy to Iraq Lakhdar Brahimi criticized the United States for responding to terrorism with force. He said that, "If you have enemies there, this is exactly what they want you to do, to alienate more people so that more people support them rather than you." He added that our military activities only further enrage the terrorists. Evidently his message is that in response to repeated attacks we should be passive, because otherwise you might offend al-Qaeda and its friends. Talk about a recipe for paralysis.
The recently exposed abuse of captive insurgents at the hands of U.S. service personnel has produced an especially telling reaction. While mistreatment of captives justly has been condemned, Middle Eastern, European and U.N. condemnation of the far greater mistreatment of captives by Muslims has been universally lacking. Their outrage has been so selective as to equate humiliation of prisoners by putting panties on their heads with brutal decapitation. If we see our soldiers mistreat others, we feel shame and punish the culprits. When they see Iraqi, Iranian, Saudi Arabian, Jordanian, Syrian, Egyptian, Libyan or Pakistani insurgents commit atrocities against us, such as the four Americans who were caught, butchered and hung on ropes for public display - they become celebratory. Even when the Arab press sees Islamic fanatics rain terror upon their fellow Muslims, they give those same animals a comparative pass. Forget their rape rooms, their imprisonment and mass torture of children, their ethnic cleansing and genocide.
I'll take their criticism more seriously when they more seriously hold their own accountable.
As long as we put ourselves at the mercy of global approval ratings, we'll operate from a position of weakness in accord with the lowest common denominator of international hypocrisy. What we must do is act powerfully to sustain and defend our own highest principles. The world must be made to understand that, having been subjected to sneak attack by terrorists against the American homeland, our mission now is to fight and win the war on terror. Meanwhile, war opponents say, "We can't alienate the world." Fine, but neither can we allow America's values and interests to be subordinated to the envy, double standards, and false pretensions of the world's poltroons.
Alan Nathan is the host of Battle Line With Alan Nathan on the Radio America Network.
Explaining U.S. policies and actions to the world -- and fighting the lies being told about us -- has never been more important. But never have we botched the job so badly.
This job -- promoting the national interest by informing, engaging and influencing -- is called "public diplomacy." We used to be the best at it. With institutions like Radio Free Europe and the USIA, public diplomacy helped win the Cold War, and it has the potential to win the war on terror, saving American lives and money.
But, after the Berlin Wall came down, the U.S. started to dismantle the apparatus of public diplomacy, or P.D. The worst blow came when we disbanded the U.S. Information Agency. Today, the State Department spends just $600 million on public diplomacy -- a joke. Some in the administration even see P.D. as sissified, not for tough policymakers.
Meanwhile, hostility toward the U.S. has reached shocking levels. A March survey by the Pew Center, for example, found 70 percent of Jordanians believe suicide bombings against Americans in Iraq are justifiable and only 8 percent of Pakistanis believe Iraqis will be better off with Saddam gone. And Jordan and Pakistan are our allies.
"A year ago," said Mark Helmke, key aide to Sen. Richard Lugar (R-Ind). "I reported that American public diplomacy was a mess. I said it lacked a strategy, a vision, and money. Today, that situation is worse. American public diplomacy is a disaster."
Some say animosity just comes with the territory. We're the big guy, so we're resented. But we were big after World War II and enjoyed wide admiration. Others say the problem is not our image but our policies and practices. But we're selling the best products in the world: freedom, democracy and prosperity. And look at our enemies; their policy is terror and dictatorship, and their practices are gruesome beheadings and car-bombings.
There's an obvious remedy for our public diplomacy disaster, and it was spelled out in a report issued in October by an advisory group, created by Congress and the administration and headed by former Amb. Edward Djerejian. In two words: Get serious!
The report of the bipartisan Djerejian group, of which I was a member, was widely praised in Congress, the press and the academic community, but it met deafening silence from President Bush and his aides.
Why? Most likely, the President does not want to fix P.D. in an election year because he would have to admit the failures and might be blamed. In fact, three administrations helped destroy P.D., and the worst decisions were taken under Bill Clinton. Besides, these mistakes were understandable and forgivable.
But the current crisis is not.
The single most important P.D. official in the government is the Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. But Charlotte Beers left that job in March 2003 and wasn't replaced for nine months. Her successor, Margaret Tutwiler, an able diplomat and information specialist, made it clear she didn't want the job, She said last month she's leaving June 30.
Meanwhile, the Board of Broadcasting Governors, which operates independently of the rest of the P.D. system and has a budget nearly as big as the State Department's, has closed the Arabic service of Voice of America and started Radio Sawa, which mainly plays pop music. An expensive U.S. satellite-TV network in the Mideast has promise -- but it's not clear whether its goal is to build audience or actually change minds.
Public diplomacy today, as Woody Allen said in an utterly different context, is "a travesty of a mockery of a sham." But it requires only a single step to fix. Just as the President declared war on terror, he needs to declare a mobilization of public diplomacy to support that war -- to eviscerate our enemies in the battle of ideas and images. He'll find eager warriors in the public and private sectors.
He should begin by naming a Cabinet-level counselor in the White House to set and monitor an overall P.D. strategy for State, Defense, broadcasting and the rest of government. It's incredible, but we don't have a strategy today.
The U.S. is home to Madison Avenue and Hollywood, to the world's best political polling and commercial marketing. But we are failing miserably to win hearts and minds, not just in the Middle East but around the world. There's no excuse. None at all.
You probably thought Nick Berg was slaughtered by Islamic militants, didn't you?
Just because, in an Arab country teeming with jihadists who target Americans every day, an American got butchered by hooded assassins who read a proclamation of grievances, laced with allusions to Islam, in Arabic, before hacking his head off while his shrieking agony was drowned out by that now-familiar soundtrack of atrocity, the Allahu akbar ("God is great!") chant, you probably rushed to judgment, right? Just because the barbarians recorded their handiwork and the tape, voila, instantly ended up on a website that reliably promotes militant Islam, which bragged that the decapitation was executed by none other than Abu Musab Zarqawi — whose extensive jihadist rap sheet defies accurate accounting in our limited space — you no doubt found yourself leaping to the rash conclusion that Berg's killing was carried out by Muslim extremists.
Fortunately, now comes al-Jazeera's Sam Hamod to straighten you out. Hamod, a 68-year-old Lebanese American (born in Indiana), is not only an esteemed member of the American academy — a retired professor at Princeton, Iowa, Howard, and Michigan Universities, according to one of his recent screeds — but also a poet, author, former director of the Islamic Center of Washington, D.C., and, according to his own assertion in several published stories, a former adviser to the United States Department of State. Never one to engage in bombast or draw extravagant conclusions on less than airtight proof, it was only about a week ago that we found Professor Hamod helpfully explaining how the Abu Ghraib prison abuse illustrated that...George W. Bush is not a real Christian. ("No matter what President Bush says about being a 'born again Christian,' I think he is a false witness to Christ, and that God will deal with Mr. Bush in this life and certainly in the next." To see the rest of this scintillating essay, entitled "A Muslim Leader Speaks Out", it is here ).
Now he is back with a new piece: the "Muslim Perspective" on the Berg homicide. And what might that perspective be? Well, that Berg almost certainly was not killed by Muslims.
Why? Because, you'll be comforted to know, Islam has strict rules about beheading, and they don't appear to have been followed in this case. As the professor elaborates: "When Muslims execute a person, it must be after a proper trial, with credible witnesses, and the person who does the execution must say a prayer for the person being killed and to ask forgiveness for doing the killing. None of this was done. Also, a proper way of killing in this situation is to cut the throat in one swoop, not to hack at a person's neck." Plainly, this slaying must have been carried out by one of those less-advanced cultures not yet evolved enough to have a codified decapitation practice. "Muslims," the professor is quick to add, "do not often cut off the head," but when they do you'll be pleased to learn it is done strictly "by law."
So at whom does the evidence convincingly point? Professor Hamod sees two possible culprits. First, of course, there are those crafty Israelis. Allah knows there are plenty of 'em around in Iraq, advising contractors, advising the military. This murder seems to the scholar like just the kind of thing Ariel Sharon would pull. And after all, many Israelis speak excellent Arabic — an important clue because of those Allahu akbar chants. The nuanced professor has gleaned that, here, the chanting was "strained, it was not a natural voicing of that phrase, 'God is great.'" "No Muslim," he is certain, would rave in so "awkward" a manner in the middle of a beheading.
The second candidate? To unmask him, Hamod draws on the old intelligence maxim, "Who would most benefit from this act?" Applying this insightful algorithm, the answer obviously is George W. Bush. He, the professor figures, may well have ordered this bloody depravity "to take the heat off of America for the brutality of the torture in Iraq and Guantanamo." Now there is some searching detective work.
Professor Hamod cannot help but put one in mind of Marwan Kreidie. He is yet another high-profile Muslim leader and sometime academic published in al-Jazeerah and elsewhere. (See.) As it should go without saying, he opposes the Patriot Act reforms that FBI regards as vital, and has publicly labeled Attorney General Ashcroft a "lunatic." Last month, the FBI responded by...giving him a community-service award. Asked why the agency would do such a thing, a spokesperson explained that Kreidie had been "has been very helpful to the FBI office" as a leader of the Arab-American community, who had been "educating" our agents "on the mores and customs of the Arab people." (See.) Good to know. And good to know that if our investigators need schooling in the mores and customs of beheading, there's a source at the ready for that too (and they can evidently get his number from the State Department).
The post-9/11 world is on PC-overload. Fretting over the "Arab street," whatever that is, drives policy and message. We fight war on "terror," never on "militant Islam," because God forbid anyone should ever be offended. It's not enough to be right, we need to be loved too. But if you care too much about being loved — especially by those who despise you irredeemably — you've stopped caring enough about being right. And at a certain point, you have to start asking yourself, who's showing us the love, anyway?
What are we getting for all this effort if the president of the United States is surmised a psycho-murderer and the Attorney General branded a nutcase with all the deep deliberation involved in taking the next breath. Of course we want moderate Muslims on our side, but they'll come along because we are right and we show conviction. As for the rest, we should stop trying so hard — those hearts and minds are not worth winning.
— Andrew C. McCarthy, a former chief assistant U.S. attorney who led the 1995 terrorism prosecution against Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman and eleven others, is an NRO contributor.
IN Iraq last month, I learned a great deal about the future of combat. By watching TV.
During the initial fighting in Fallujah, I tuned in al-Jazeera and the BBC. At the same time, I was getting insider reports from the battlefield, from a U.S. military source on the scene and through Kurdish intelligence. I saw two different battles.
The media weren't reporting. They were taking sides. With our enemies. And our enemies won. Because, under media assault, we lost our will to fight on. During the combat operations, al-Jazeera constantly aired trumped-up footage and insisted that U.S. Marines were destroying Fallujah and purposely targeting women and children, causing hundreds of innocent casualties as part of an American crusade against Arabs.
It was entirely untrue. But the truth didn't matter. Al-Jazeera told a receptive audience what it wanted to believe. Oh, and the "Arab CNN" immediately followed the Fallujah clips with video of Israeli "atrocities." Connecting the dots was easy for those nurtured on hatred.
The Marines in Fallujah weren't beaten by the terrorists and insurgents, who were being eliminated effectively and accurately. They were beaten by al-Jazeera. By lies.
Get used to it.
This is the new reality of combat. Not only in Iraq. But in every broken country, plague pit and terrorist refuge to which our troops will have to go in the future. And we can't change it. So we had better roll up our camouflage sleeves and deal with it.
The media is often referred to off-handedly as a strategic factor. But we still don't fully appreciate its fatal power. Conditioned by the relative objectivity and ultimate respect for facts of the U.S. media, we fail to understand that, even in Europe, the media has become little more than a tool of propaganda.
That propaganda is increasingly, viciously, mindlessly anti-American. When our forces engage in tactical combat, dishonest media reporting immediately creates drag on the chain of command all the way up to the president. Real atrocities aren't required. Everything American soldiers do is portrayed as an atrocity. World opinion is outraged, no matter how judiciously we fight.
With each passing day, sometimes with each hour, the pressure builds on our government to halt combat operations, to offer the enemy a pause, to negotiate . . . in essence, to give up.
We saw it in Fallujah, where slow-paced tactical success led only to cease-fires that comforted the enemy and gave the global media time to pound us even harder. Those cease-fires were worrisomely reminiscent of the bombing halts during the Vietnam War, except that everything happens faster now.
Even in Operation Desert Storm, the effect of images trumped reality and purpose. The exaggerated carnage of the "highway of death" north from Kuwait City led us to stop the war before we had sufficiently punished the truly guilty, Saddam's Republican Guard and the regime's leadership. We're still paying for that mistake.
In Fallujah, we allowed a bonanza of hundreds of terrorists and insurgents to escape us, despite promising that we would bring them to justice. We stopped because we were worried about what already hostile populations might think of us.
The global media disrupted the U.S. and Coalition chains of command. Foreign media reporting even sparked bureaucratic infighting within our own government.
The result was a disintegraton of our will, first from decisive commitment to worsening hestitation, then to a "compromise" that returned Sunni-Arab Ba'athist officers to power. That deal not only horrifed Iraq's Kurds and Shi'a Arabs, it inspired expanded attacks by Muqtada al-Sadr's Shi'a thugs hoping to rival the success of the Sunni-Arab murderers in Fallujah.
We could have won militarily. Instead, we surrendered politically and called it a success. Our enemies won the information war. We literally didn't know what hit us.
The implication for tactical combat, war at the bayonet level, is clear: We must direct our doctrine, training, equipment, organization and plans toward winning low-level fights much faster. Before the global media can do what enemy forces cannot do and stop us short. We can still win the big campaigns. But we're apt to lose thereafter, in the dirty end-game fights. We have to speed the kill.
For two decades, our military has concentrated on deploying forces swiftly around the world, as well as on fighting fast-paced conventional wars, with the positive results we saw during Operation Iraqi Freedom. But at the infantry level, we've lagged behind ” despite the unrivaled quality of our troops.
We've concentrated on critical soldier skills, but ignored the emerging requirements of battle. We've worked on almost everything except accelerating urban combat ” because increasing the pace is dangerous and very hard to do.
Now we have no choice. We must learn to strike much faster at the ground-truth level, to accomplish the tough tactical missions at speeds an order of magnitude faster than in past conflicts. If we can't win the Fallujahs of the future swiftly, we will lose them.
Our military must rise to its responsibility to reduce the pressure on the National Command Authority, in essence, the president, by rapidly and effectively executing orders to root out enemy resistance or nests of terrorists.
To do so, we must develop the capabilities to fight within the "media cycle," before journalists sympathetic to terrorists and murderers can twist the facts and portray us as the villains. Before the combat encounter is politicized globally. Before allied leaders panic. And before such reporting exacerbates bureaucratic rivalries within our own system.
Time is the new enemy.
Fighting faster at the dirty-boots level is going to be tough. As we develop new techniques, we'll initially see higher casualties in the short term, perhaps on both sides.
But as we should have learned long ago, if we are not willing to face up to casualties sooner, the cumulative tally will be much, much higher later. We're bleeding in Iraq now because a year ago we were unwilling even to shed the blood of our enemies.
The Global War on Terror is going to be a decades-long struggle. The military will not always be the appropriate tool to apply. But when a situation demands a military response, our forces must bring to bear such focused, hyper-fast power that our enemies are overwhelmed and destroyed before hostile cameras can defeat us.
If we do not learn to kill very, very swiftly, we will continue to lose slowly.
Retired Army officer Ralph Peters is the author of "Beyond Baghdad."
To the casual observer, the situation in Iraq is bleak, the Iraqi people don't really want democracy, and the U.S. has instituted an evil, widespread program of brutality and intimidation of Iraqi prisoners.
To the "casual observer" of the mainstream media, that is.
Although common sense and a semi-continuous pulse would be enough to notice the media's pack mentality in its Iraq coverage, the numbers paint a compelling, and disturbing, picture.
On any given day, Americans are treated to maybe a dozen stories highlighting the good deeds being done by coalition forces, building bridges, literally and figuratively, and generally improving daily life for ordinary Iraqis, and that's among all cable news outlets and hundreds of newspapers and magazines.
How many Americans know about the five million Iraqis who are now returning to school or the many non-Baathist professionals who are now finally earning a decent salary?
True, most of that can be explained away as much less a function of "liberal bias" as much as the media's constant obsession with presenting attention-grabbing stories.
That's why we've been inundated with literally thousands of hand-wringing stories about the prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib. And as with any story where there is footage or images, the visual component inherently gives it that much more life.
But all that can be said about the savage slaughter of American Nicholas Berg at the hands of terrorists, and then some. The numbers speak for themselves.
From May 11 to May 19, there were more than 6,600 stories in the Lexis-Nexis news database with "Abu Ghraib" somewhere in the text. During the same span, there were just over 3,000 with both "Berg" and "Iraq."
To fully appreciate the significance of those statistics, though, the prisoner abuse story was already two weeks old at that point, and the news of Berg's beheading broke on May 11.
Why is this important? Because the "noise", the collective impact of news from various sources, has been so focused on Abu Ghraib, the political backdrop is the savagery of Americans, not that of the terrorists we are fighting.
In some respects, the terrorists are winning more favorable coverage. The terrorists who cut off the 26-year-old American's head claimed their brutality was revenge for the prisoner abuses. The news media bit. More than half of all stories on Berg mentioned Abu Ghraib, with many leading newspapers running the story with "revenge" or "vengeance" in the headline.
But since when can terrorists be taken at face value? Just because the terrorists claim a certain motive doesn't mean it is so. Before the Abu Ghraib photos surfaced, terrorists didn't exactly lack for motivation to kill Americans.
With all the attention on "revenge" or "vengeance," another possible motive has been almost universally ignored.
Less than 10% of stories on Berg stated that he was Jewish, not an unimportant fact when radical Islamic terrorists say "Death to Israel" or "Death to the Jews" like most people breathe.
It's plausible that Berg's religion was not a factor in his death. But according to news reports, he had an Israeli stamp in his passport, and it's more than likely that his murderers knew he was Jewish.
At the very least, it is important data point that cannot be ignored. But ignoring is something at which the media specialize.
Consider that during the same May 11 - May 19 period, there were more than 2,500 stories on Fallujah or Muqtada al-Sadr, the radical Shi'ite cleric who is leading a spirited rebellion, with relatively few followers, in the south.
The particular focus on al-Sadr, in fact, has enhanced the perception among many Americans that Shi'ites are radicals who oppose the very concept of democracy.
And why wouldn't they believe that when the mainstream media has produced precious few stories on the many peaceful demonstrations”led by Shi'ites”calling for al-Sadr to lay down his arms? Look at the numbers: of the 1,571 stories in Lexis-Nexis on al-Sadr, only 31 also contain "peaceful demonstration" (or its plural).
The most glaring example, though, of the media seeing no evil - literally - is with the discovery of sarin gas this week. Sarin gas has been used by thugs from the Nazis to Saddam himself (in killing Kurds by the thousands before the Gulf War), and a shell containing the toxin accidentally detonated on Monday. It is, in short, a weapon of mass destruction. Yes, a WMD was found, and that's on top of mustard gas discovered the previous week.
From Monday through Wednesday, Lexis-Nexis found exactly 136 stories. None was high-profile: USA Today gave it page ten treatment, and the New York Times buried it on page 11. At least those outlets covered it; the Washington Post did not.
For some context, Lexis-Nexis logged more than ten times as many stories on Abu Ghraib”just during those three days. And though it pretended no WMD were found in Iraq, the Washington Post ran 21 stories from Monday to Wednesday on Abu Ghraib.
With the June 30 deadline to transfer power to the Iraqi people approaching, the Post on Wednesday offered the following page-one headline: "U.S. Faces Growing Fears of Failure." Media groupthink dictates that the next buzzword to watch is "failure."
Kinda describes the media's selective outrage in covering the war in Iraq, doesn't it?
Joel Mowbray is author of Dangerous Diplomacy: How the State Department Threatens America's Security.
One thing I noticed in Iraq was the missing body parts. Not immediately. I spend most of my time in the Great North Woods of New Hampshire and Quebec and, when you're in old mill towns, it's not unusual to find yourself sitting at a lunch counter with three codgers who can barely muster 10 fingers between them.
So at first I didn't pay much attention to the missing digits and missing limbs. It was the third missing ear I saw - in Ramadi - that made me realize what was really going on. An ear's a hard thing to lose. So's a tongue.
That's why I cannot share the "outrage" over Abu Ghraib of some of the more excitable correspondents ("The Shaming of America: George Bush's boast of shutting down Saddam Hussein's torture chambers in Iraq rings hollow now," according to my chums at The Irish Times). More to the point, nor do most Iraqis. Representatives of the Shi'ites and Kurds, who between them account for four-fifths of the population, have said nary a word. Ayatollah Sistani, the most prominent figure in the land and a man who can cause the coalition serious trouble any time he wishes, has let the matter lie.
And, as I endeavored to explain last week, most Americans don't share the "outrage." A week later, they share it even less. As Senator Zell Miller, a Democrat, put it: "Why is it that there's more indignation over a photo of a prisoner with underwear on his head than over the video of a young American with no head at all?"
That wouldn't, in normal circumstances, be a valid comparison. If you go to the hospital in Dublin or Rotterdam and they botch the operation, it's no consolation to be told that it's better treatment than you'd have got in the Sudan. You want your health care to be measured against London, Geneva, Vancouver - not Chad and Rwanda. But for Iraqis, this is the only comparison that matters - pre-April 2003 vs post-April 2003.
The best rule of politics is this: Don't make the perfect the enemy of the good.
Is the Anglo-American occupation of Iraq perfect? No.
Is it good? Yes.
Was Saddam Hussein's rule perfect? No.
Was it good? No.
This shouldn't be a tough call. But, shortly after the liberation, the bespoke apologists for the Middle East's thug regimes and the more depraved "peace activists" in Europe set themselves a tall order - to prove that the Iraqis were better off under Saddam. At first, they confined this proposition to matters such as drinking water. When some of us pointed out that the potable water supply in Iraq is now double what it was pre-war, or that health care funding is 25 times larger than it was a year ago, Europe's Saddamite cheerleaders gave up this line of attack. It was always rather boring and technocratic, anyway. So now they've got right down to basics - not potable water but "torture." Why, Bush is torturing just as many Iraqis as Saddam did!
The Shia and Kurds know better than to go along with this. No doubt the average American network anchor or New York Times columnist wouldn't want to be led around naked with Victoria's Secret knickers on their heads by some freaky West Virginia slut. But I'll bet they'd take it any day over being thrown off a four-story building or having their fingers cut off one by one or being castrated without anaesthetic or being beheaded while the men around you sing "Happy birthday, Saddam." Video and photographic material exists of all the above being performed on Arabs and Kurds.
Readers may recall that last year I wrote about a Canadian female journalist questioned to death by the Iranians. Some British businessmen were brutally tortured by the Saudis. Bad luck, old man. But nobody's fired because nobody cares. By comparison, post-Saddam Iraq is a novelty - an Arab country where state torture is investigated and its perpetrators punished.
But let's go to the next stage. What do the "Bush's boast rings hollow" crowd want for Iraq? Usually, they want the UN to take over.
Is the UN perfect? No.
Is the UN good? Well, I'm not sure I'd even say that. But if you object to what's going on in those Abu Ghraib pictures - the sexual humiliation of prisoners and their conscription as a vast army of extras in their guards' porno fantasies - then you might want to think twice about handing over Iraq to the UN.
In Eritrea, the government recently accused the UN mission of, among other offences, pedophilia. In Cambodia, UN troops fueled an explosion of child prostitutes and AIDS. Amnesty International reports that the UN mission in Kosovo has presided over a massive expansion of the sex trade, with girls as young as 11 being lured from Moldova and Bulgaria to service international peacekeepers.
In Bosnia, where the sex-slave trade barely existed before the UN showed up in 1995, there are now hundreds of brothels with underage girls living as captives. The 2002 Save the Children report on the UN's cover-up of the sex-for-food scandal in West Africa provides grim details of peacekeepers' demanding sexual favors from children as young as four in exchange for biscuits and cake powder. "What is particularly shocking and appalling is that those people who ought to be there protecting the local population have actually become perpetrators," said Steve Crawshaw, the director of Human Rights Watch.
By now you're maybe thinking, "Hmm. I must have been on holiday the week the papers ran all those stories about 'The Shaming of the UN.'" In the last few days, The Daily Mirror has had to concede that their pictures of members of the Queen's Lancashire Regiment committing atrocities are all fakes. The Boston Globe has admitted that their pictures of US troops sexually abusing Iraqi women are also phony. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation has apologized for claiming that Israel was implicated in the events at Abu Ghraib. Why would these big-media fact-checked-to-death news operations get suckered so easily? Because, to the great herd of independent minds, these stories conform to their general view that all the ills of the world can be laid at the door of Bush, Blair, and Sharon.
Are the media perfect? No.
Are the media good? After these last two weeks, I think I'll pass on that one.
The writer is senior contributing editor for Hollinger Inc.
RE: virus: FW: News Coverage as a Weapon
« Reply #13 on: 2004-05-21 04:41:33 »
Joe, please, this is flooding the list and will lead to calls for discipline. The articles are interesting, but not posted on the list like this in such numbers. Why not put them all in one mail - perhaps links with an explanation of why we should read the articles?
Personally I think we ought to be limited to one forwarded piece per person per day. All other posts ought to be substantively ones' own writing or limited targeted and relevant counter quotes.
Re:virus: FW: News Coverage as a Weapon
« Reply #14 on: 2004-05-21 12:33:31 »
dude...YOU are solely responsible for dees' return here...please take charge(nobody else is going to touch JD with a ten foot barge pool)..control him or your credibility will go for a toss here in CoV..i am sure i am speaking for the majority of the members when i say that...no offence meant...please..