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Where Hegel had advocated a form of determinist dialectic in which all oppositions would be collapsed, existentialism was essentially concerned with the irreducibility of subjective experience. For example, [FriedrichNietzsche] held that any collapse of distinctions between objective and subjective would be meaningless since objective experience lay completely beyond human terms of understanding. Conversely, [Kierkegaard] held that it was in the very crisis of subjectivity that the inadequacies of aesthetic, as opposed to ethical, existence were exposed. Later, [JeanPaulSartre] held that ethics only becomes possible once we realise we are condemned to freedom. The Virian emphasis on [ethics] rather than [morals] reflects the importance assigned by existentialism to the situational and the subjective.

Other existentialists have included Heidegger, Merleau Ponty and Jaspers.

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